Discuss the theme of the Dream in Of Mice and Men. Essay

Discuss the theme of the Dream in Of Mice and Men. â€Å"Everyone in the world has a dream he knows can’t Come off but he spends his life hoping it may. This is at once The sadness and greatness and the triumph of our species† John Steinbeck ============== Discuss the theme of the Dream in ‘Of Mice and Men’. Steinbeck’s quote above portrays an important aspect of ‘Of Mice and Men’. Steinbeck remarks on how people can create a dream and how they can have positive and negative effects from them. A dream is human nature, where a person can get away from the outside world by thinking or imagining what their life would be like if the dream came true. Throughout the book there are four main dreams, which the characters have in†¦show more content†¦Tha’s three hundred and fifty bucks I’d put in†. However this dream dies out when Lennie kills Curley’s wife. When Candy sees Curley’s wife dead, he knows that the dream will never come true. Curley’s dream is not a main part of the story but does have an important contribution to the central basis of the story’s theme of dreams. His dream is about being physically bigger, being respected, having a job, a house and a wife. He got all the things he had hoped for apart from being bigger, getting respect and having a ‘perfect’ fairytale wife. To Curley his wife is the main bad thing in his life. Curley spends most of his time looking for his wife, while his wife is always looking for him. Curley’s wife’s dreams consist of fame, fortune and admiration. She has high hopes of going to Hollywood and being an all time rich film star, which has been portrayed in the line â€Å"I tell ya I could of went with shows. Not jus’ one neither. An’ a guy tol’ me he could put me in the pitchers†. Her thoughts are formed to try and get back at her mother, as her mother didn’t let her go to all the parties and auditions for her to become a movie star. The dream is ended when Lennie accidentally kills her. But it was highly unlikely that she would have been a movie star, even if her death had not come so soon. Crooks hasShow MoreRelatedThe Novel Of Mice And Men By John Steinbeck1211 Words   |  5 PagesIn the novel Of Mice and Men, Arthur John Steinbeck successfully creates a timeless literary novel. The novella was first published in 1937 and transcends time with compelling characters and a unique plot, readers easily become invested in the book. Steinbeck takes you on an emotional roller coaster throughout the story with characters that earn the reader s sympathy from the start of the novella. Students usually read Of Mice and Men their freshman year of high school. Some people believe thatRead MoreOf Mice And Men By John Steinbeck894 Words   |  4 PagesOf Mice and Men Essay John Steinbeck once said, â€Å"A journey is a person in itself; no two are alike. And all plans, safeguards, policing, and coercion are fruitless. We find that after years of struggle that we do not take a trip; a trip takes us†. In his novella, Of Mice and Men, two men go on an unexpected journey in search for their dream of happiness. There are many themes that come from their journey such as, the gilded American dream, the bond of male friendships, the power of women and femininityRead MoreEssay The Use Animals to Show the Main Themes in Of Mice and Men1399 Words   |  6 PagesHow does Steinbeck use animals to show the main themes in Of Mice and Men? This story is about two men (George and Lennie) and their desperate hope in that they will raise enough money so that they can purchase a plot of land and â€Å"live of the fatta the land†. In this essay I will discuss how Steinbeck uses animals to show the themes of, friendship/loneliness, anger/violence, cruelty/kindness and dreams. The main points that I will be discussing are, how Lennie connects with animals, how Read MoreEssay about Lonliness and Friendship in Of Mice And Men680 Words   |  3 Pages Lonliness and Friendship in Of Mice And Men nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In terms of emotional stability, there is one thing in life that is really needed, and that is friends. Without friends, people would suffer from lonliness and solitude. Lonliness leads to low self-esteem and deprivation. In the novel, Of Mice And Men, by John Steinbeck, the two main themes are friendship and lonliness. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are two main characters, George andRead MoreThe Evolution And Purpose Of The American Dream1741 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Dream Across the economically, ethnically, and socially diverse United States, millions of unlike Americans share the same desire to overcome the vast array of obstacles the modern day era presents in the hopes of becoming the ideal member of society. Looking back at multiple generations, evidence of this drive to succeed can be found in the roots of society’s progression. This omnipresent goal that motivates the population to build sustainable lives has become known as the American Dream. InRead MoreIs It Really A Dream?933 Words   |  4 PagesReally A Dream? The American Dream is defined as â€Å"a life of personal happiness and material comfort as traditionally sought by individuals in the U.S† (Dictionary.com). This so called â€Å"dream† is an idea that has distinguished both America and her people for centuries. For generations, the American Dream has powered hope for hard-working Americans to achieve a better life - to ful-fill this dream. But over time, the idea of this dream has been criticized. In The Great Gatsby and in Of Mice and Men, F.Read MoreAnalysis Of Of Mice And Men1132 Words   |  5 PagesNesins Mrs. Thompson HSE 1; Period 3 November 3, 2015 Analysis of Of Mice and Men. During the 1930’s Great Depression, author, John Steinbeck (1902-1968) wrote many books regarding the difficulties and tragedies that struck farmers who strived to make a living in a rural, and destitute California. One intriguing novel that exhibits his common themes is Of Mice and Men. People similar to Lennie, strive to achieve their dream in America, the land of unlimited potential, despite the depression, andRead More The title of the novel Of Mice And Men refers to how dreams often go1884 Words   |  8 PagesThe title of the novel Of Mice And Men refers to how dreams often go wrong. Discuss how John Steinbeck achieves this. Question 3-The title of the novel Of Mice And Men refers to how dreams often go wrong. Discuss how John Steinbeck achieves this. One of the main themes that runs through Of Mice And Men is of dreams and how they go wrong. The title of the book is very appropriate to this theme as it comes from a poem by Robert Burns called To A Mouse, On Turning Up Her Nest With TheRead MoreOmam Essay Questions2412 Words   |  10 PagesWhat do Steinbeck’s first description of George and Lennie tell us about their characters? Discuss this in the regards to the role/relationship of Itinerant workers in the 1930’s Great Depression: In the 1930’s itinerant workers were migrant workers who travelled from land to land to find jobs, any occupation available to allow them to fend for themselves and survive in the disastrous world, they were living in at the time. We know George and Lennie are migrant workers due to the period of timeRead MoreEssay on John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men 1986 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract: When Of Mice and Men is read between the lines, it is easy to discover Steinbeck’s objective. Men are destined to be alone, despite their hardships, despite their connections. In order to establish these ideas Steinbeck develops his characters, the relationships they share, and their interactions. Of Mice and Men is considered a classic novel for a reason. Steinbeck does an excellent job of establishing powerful themes while using unparalleled writing techniques. Steinbeck was able to take

Essay on African American Minority Group - 822 Words

African American Minority Group ETH/125 African American Minority Group Among many of the ethnic groups that experienced a combination of segregation, racism, and prejudice; African Americans is one of the few that is still faced with one or more forms of discrimination today. The majority of African Americans came to the United States from Africa to be slaves, while others are citizens or residents of the United States from partial ancestry a form of the native population. In 1619, the first recorded Africans were recorded in British North America in Jamestown, Virginia, and the numbers began to increase as more English settlers died from harsh conditions and the Africans were brought to work as laborers. In the late 1700s†¦show more content†¦White Americans begin to form organizations that promoted white power, leading the organizations to practice out violence and destroy African Americans property. A popular white power organization called themselves the Ku Klux Klan and performed acts against blacks that included; lynching cross burn ings, physical violence, and house burnings towards African Americans. Although, the Ku Klux Klan was formed in 1867, it has been rumors that there are people that are still secretly members today. African Americans experienced a wider range of discrimination, segregation, and racism more so in the later days but still arise in society today. In a perfect world, no one would be judged by the color of their skin and society would focus on a person’s individual true character. Often times African Americans miss out on opportunities because they are being judged by the color of their skin, rather than their abilities. The United States has tried to provide Americans the rights to equal opportunity, by creating the Affirmative action. The affirmative action eliminates people being granted opportunities based on their race, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation or national origin and ensures that minority groups within a society receive equal opportunities. Although, t he affirmative action was intended to diminish situations which cause people to participate in different forms of discrimination, but unless itShow MoreRelatedThe Civil Rights Act Of 1964 Essay1444 Words   |  6 Pages The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was significant to African Americans because the act ended segregation in public places and ended employment prejudice based on the pigment of skin, national origin, gender, ethnicity, or/and religion. The Act was one of the most momentous events to impact African Americans on the account of bringing equality to minorities on paper and giving them opportunities to voice their political and community concerns. However, there were unforeseen consequences that added toRead MoreReparations Should Not Be Paid758 Words   |  4 PagesReparations should not be paid, because they will be seen as a final payment. The general population would feel that reparations would be the ultimate closure, and that African-Americans are not owed further. Law rie Balfour at the University of Virginia in 2005 stated that â€Å"the closure afforded by reparations means that no more will be owed to Blacks than is owed to any citizen under the law. Given the depth of societal denial about the significance and effects of slavery and the pervasiveness ofRead MoreAfrican American Nursing Students Have The Lowest Graduation Rate Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough African-Americans represent the largest minority group, studies show they have the lowest success rates in nursing programs. According to the AACN (2013), â€Å"African-American nursing students have the lowest graduation rate when compared to other minority groups†. The lack of minorities providing care negatively effects healthcare outcomes and accessibility. In order to increase the number of African-Americans nurses practicing, it is essential to gain an understanding of the conditionsRead MoreHealth Promotion Among Black or African Population Gcu1095 Words   |  5 PagesHealth Promotion Among Black or African American Population [Your Name] Grand Canyon University: Family-Centered Health Promotion(NRS-429V) January 10, 2016  Health Promotion Among Black or African American Population The Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] (2015) notes that â€Å"Starting in 1997, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) requires federal agencies to use a minimum of five race categories: White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, AsianRead MoreJohn Ogbu s Oppositional Culture Theory1325 Words   |  6 Pageseducational performance by looking at the societal structures of minorities. Ogbu uses case studies which he looks at the affluent neighborhoods that represent oppositional culture. There are several explanations as to academic disengagement among certain minorities. He also looks at white academic efforts and explanations of their own disengagement. According to James Ainsworth-Darnell and Douglas Downey, they state that, â€Å"Immigrant minorities tend to compare their condition to that of relatives in theirRead MoreThe Fight Against The Minority Groups1740 Words   |  7 PagesProtect The recent political climate in this country has placed more focus on the rights of minorities. The current discourse is fierce, and it revolves around how much should be done when it comes to representing and fighting for minorities who are being discriminated against. The recent spike in hate crimes has done little to appease fears within these minority groups, and the persecution of minorities will create more problems for not just them, but for every citizen in this country. It is withRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Racial Profiling1418 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the many controversial topics is racial profiling. For centuries, America has looked down and discriminated minorities and it still continues today. It began when minorities started to immigrate to America in search of better lives. Most whites believed in white supremacy and thought minorities were aliens. The police use racial profiling mostly towards minority groups. Racial profiling is the use of race or a skin co lor to suspect someone of doing an offense. While some people think thatRead MoreHousing Segregation and Minority Groups in the United States840 Words   |  4 Pagesapplication of denying minority groups, especially African Americans, equal access to housing through misinterpretation, which denies people of color finance services and opportunities to afford decent housing. Caucasians usually live in areas that are mostly white communities. However, African Americans are most likely lives in areas that are racially combines with African Americans and Hispanics. A miscommunication of property owners not giving African American groups gives an accurate descriptionRead MoreRace Class Gender 456 Final Exam1311 Words   |  6 PagesSociologist Donald Noel’s hypotheses state, â€Å"If two or more groups come together in a contact situation characterized by ethnocentrism, competition, and a differential in power, then some form of racial or ethnic stratification will result (He aley O Brien, 2015, p. 104). In this hypothesis, the contact situation is the initial contact of the groups and results in a dominant and minority group. Ethnocentrism is defined by our tendency to judge other groups or cultures based upon our own standards establishingRead MoreSocial Injustice: Invisibility and Suppression Among Minorities1254 Words   |  6 Pagespost-1865 American literature is the recurrent motif of suppression among minority groups in the United States. The literature provided in the Heath Anthology reflects minority citizens like African Americans, Hispanics, and women. American literature during the 20th century serves as a critical lens to examine the social injustices faced by minority groups. Minority artists use literature to examine and redefine their pre-determined role in society. The critically acclaimed African American scholar

Biography Of Felix Mendelssohn s The Mendelssohn Quartet

The piece my ensemble piece will be performing is the Mendelssohn Quartet Op.44, movement 1. The composer, Felix Mendelssohn was born on February 3, 1809, in Hamburg. Germany. As a son of Moses Mendelssohn, who was a successful banker, Mendelssohn was born into a very wealthy family, which gave him certain advantages such as providing him a rich and ideal cultural setting for his artistic mind to flourish. His received good education as well. While Mendelssohn’s father disliked Jews that converted from Judaism to Christianity to gain social acceptance outside of the jewish ghettos, Felix still ended up following Christianity, and even baptized his whole family in the name of Jesus. When Mendelssohn was a child, his family moved to Berlin where he would meet Ludwig Berger. Felix took piano lessons from Berger and also studied from Karl Zelter on compositions. In the early 19th century, Mendelssohn quickly established himself as prodigy and displayed an interest in arts and musi c thru his ability to perform on the piano and violin, as well as painting. At the young age of nine, he made is public debut and during his childhood he had written five operas and eleven full orchestral symphonies. In the late 1810’s, Felix Mendelssohn took part in the Singakedemie Music Academy, where he wrote numerous pieces such as multiple violin sonatas, a cantata, two piano sonatas, and a short opera. In 1821, Karl Zelter took Mendelssohn to the port, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Immediately,Show MoreRelatedThe Role of Women in the Musical Life of the 19th Century. Essay1785 Words   |  8 Pagesmen. However, their opportunities were still limited by tradition. Therefore, the role of the 19th century women as performers and composers was not equal to men, as can be seen in the case of Fanny Hansel, a sibling of the well known composer Felix Mendelssohn. At the beginning of the 19th century, the numbers of female amateur musicians rose due to the increasingly prosperity of the middle classes. According to Reich (1991), most women from well-to-do families had an opportunity to learn to playRead MoreRebecca Clarke s `` Cinderella No More ``3827 Words   |  16 Pageswrite about her personality as a composer and a performer, her role in music history considering her gender. Biography Rebecca Clarke was born 1886 in Harrow, England, to Joseph Thacher Clarke, an American, and his German wife, Agnes Paulina Marie Amalie Helferich. Her father was interested in music and was an amateur cellist who chose instruments for the family to create a string quartet. Her mother Agnes played viola, leaving Rebecca to play the violin, which she studied at the Royal Academy beginning

Global Warming And Environmental Issues - 988 Words

Global warming and environmental issues such as contaminated water, the loss of habitats, etc. are topics that have raise the attention of many people (associations or campaigns) who are constantly trying to discover new ways to reduce global warming. This problem has many outcomes such as ice melting in Antarctica, the dramatic climate changes, among others; The list goes on and on of negative environmental issues that are happening and that are rapidly increasing each day. That is why these associations try to find ways to create awareness in people about the situation. Exploring about the different solutions that can help reduce or slow down the effect of global warming is a good way to answers questions like, â€Å"does recycling plastic materials help reduce global warming?† or, â€Å"How many people would have to cooperate to make a significant change to slow down the increment of global warming?† There is a high chance that many people do not know the damage that plastic materials cause in the environment, for this reason many people use large amounts of plastic materials (such as, water bottles) and they do not know the correct way to dispose of. However, does recycling plastic materials helps the environment? To what extend? In the article Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments, Barnes, Galgani, Thomson, and Barlaz explore this issue by claiming, â€Å"In the last half-century, there have been many drastic changes on the surface of the planet,Show MoreRelatedEnvironmental Issues Of Global Warming1436 Words   |  6 Pagesplanets in the universe that holds enough oxygen and water to support life. Unfortunately, the planet is suffering due to endless amounts of environmental problems which will result in major consequences for daily life. Today; global warming, deforestation and environmental degradation are the biggest issues this planet continues to fight against. Environmental issues result from discussions over the use of resources and pose challenges that are as diverse as Earth’s ecosystems. The environment is affectedRead MoreEnvironmental Issues Of Global Warming2124 Words   |  9 PagesAngelina Ricca Mr. Goddard Environmental Issues Term Paper December 2014 There are many controversial topics and ideas in the realm of environmental issues. These controversies stretch anywhere from the concept of global warming to the issue of invasive species. One particularly notable specific issue within the bounds of the environment is the controversial Keystone Pipeline. The debate over whether the pipeline is a viable solution to the transportation of oil has been enlarging the rift betweenRead MoreEnvironmental Research Issue : Global Warming1465 Words   |  6 PagesEcological Research Issue 1: Global Warming The topic of global warming was first studied and reported by scientists less than a hundred years ago who noticed that large amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could trap infrared radiation and heat from the sun. Today, the topic is one of the most prominent issues discussed by industrial countries that have seen unprecedented heat waves and other weather phenomena turn over ecosystems and even human activity. Global warming is the process byRead MoreENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN MALAYSIA According to the Oxford Dictionary, global warming can be2000 Words   |  8 PagesENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN MALAYSIA According to the Oxford Dictionary, global warming can be defined as â€Å"gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth’s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, CFCs and other pollutants.† Historically, global warming began in 1970s in Malaysia. During that time, Tun Hussein Onn as the Prime Minister of Malaysia had initiated more huge projects that enabled terrace plantation to be done in FeldaRead MoreGlobal Warming Is The Most Important Environmental Issue That The World Faces Today Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic of global warming as a result of increased atmospheric CO2 concentration is arguably the most important environmental issue that the world faces today. CO2 has always been in the atmosphere as a greenhouse gas keeping the global atmospheric temperature at life sustainable levels by preventing the infra-red radiation to leave the atmosphere (CO2 Capture and storage, 2016) . However due to human interference and the burning of fossil fuels (as shown by the following equation), the rate atRead MoreThe Report Will State The Facts And Issue About Global Warming1491 Words   |  6 Pages3.Introduction The report will state the facts and issue about global warming all over the world. The report will focus on the impact of global warming and consider what actions can be taken by Greenpeace to fight global warming. Global warming, which will trigger hurricanes and tropical storms, has a negative effect on human beings  and wildlife. According to the report, thanks to global warming, a million species have already become extinct and approximately 150,000 people will die by the end ofRead MoreThe Environmental Problem Of Global Warming Essay1058 Words   |  5 Pages Global warming Name: Institution: Course: Date: Global warming The main environmental problem facing the world today is global warming. Many scientists believe that production of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases has a heating effect on the atmosphere, and this could be very dangerous for human life. This essay will examine the problem of global warming and suggest some ways of solving the problem. Numerous issues could come about because of global warming. One of the problemsRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Impact On The Environment952 Words   |  4 Pagesexpectancy becomes longer, the global environment is being negatively impacted by various human and natural activities that are detrimental to the environment. Unfortunately there are many global environmental issues that need the attention of world leaders today, and have become undisputed environmental issues in today’s society. However, the most important public health, environmental issue I would like to address in my discussion is global warming. Furthermore, global warming influences a great amountRead MoreClimate Change Essays1637 Words   |  7 Pagesclimatologists, the notion of Global warming today is commonly heard but very misunderstood. One might ask, what exactly is global warming and should we care? According to What is Global Warming? in LiveScience, global warming is a gradual increase in the tempera ture of Earths surface and atmosphere, that has become a world-wide environmental issue.1(Lallanilla,2013) Similarly, this topic is one of great controversy because of widely differing opinions on current global warming rates and the impact byRead MoreGlobal Warming Is A Problem Essay1527 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Global warming is a dilemma; it is a debatable issue between a fact and a theory, between approval and disapproval and between having advantages and disadvantages. Endless questions that have indefinite answers arise to a man’s mind when just tackling the idea of the global warming. Many people do not take in consideration the environmental issues, their main interests lie behind thinking about their personal lives and needs. Only few who think about the environment they‘re living in. Is

Model of Identification for Gifted Learners †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Model of Identification for Gifted Learners. Answer: Introduction My countrys education system concentraes on the chalk and takl system. In this system, the delivery system features the teacher who gives direction through talks while the student engages in discussions or question and answer session. This method may not be able to recognize unique and gifted children. A gifted child is one whose intelligence is above normal. Bevan-Brown (2009) identifies giftednesss as exceptionality stating that the gifted child has certain qualities. According to the New Zealand Association for Gifted Children, giftedness is natural and includes childrren with unconventional behavior, intellectual and emotional intelligence(NZAGC, 2018). Theorists acknolwege creativity as one of the factors of gifted children who often have high sensitivity to the surrounding, exceptional memory and observation ability(Weber, 2015). Research also recommend creativity in special gifts as a form of talents(Yuen Fong, 2014). In the modern era where innovation is a critical factor fo r success creative minds excel as innovators. According to the Marland Report (Colangelo Wood, 2015), high performing children have the potential to engage in the following: General intellectual ability Specific academic aptitude Creative or productive thinking Leadership ability Visual and performing arts Psychomotor ability: Cretive and productive Model In my opinion, the essence of creativity is achieevable with the maximization of output with limited resources. Having considered the theoretical aspects of a gifted mind, I decided to develop a creative and productive model. The figure below represents an illutsration of this model used for the idenitfication of creative abilities in children. This is an primary level tool for learners between 9 and 15 years. This approach is exclusive because it derives its motivation in the world of innovation where ICT skills are necessary (Freeman, 2013). Its design also supports creativity with team work and scientific measuring tools(Somech Drach-Zahavy, 2013). This tool measures five attributes of a learner in order to identify the level of creative intelligence and productivity, The Analytical child: This is the ability to solve problems and represents a learner who is able to work independently, accomplish taks make numerical data and apply formulas. This is also a learner who has the ability to analyse and solve complex problems such as arithmetics (Hayes, 2013) Designing child: This is the ability to innovate, experiment, find and give vision. This student is playful but takes risks, is effective in developing ideas from startup and takes opportunity to experiment (Voogt, et al., 2013). The Communicator: This child has the ability to work in a team, express oneself and persuade. This is a unique ability that brings out language abilities in children. It supports the sociocultural group effect. Arranging Child: This is a student who is able to arrange and put things in order without struggling. The ability to plan, organize and accoplish tasks is not in every child. This includes all kinds of tasks including paper work and building blocks. The practical ability: This is the ability to see the solution, initiate solutions and develop a vision, and find practical solutions in order to get it done(Beetham Sharpe, 2013) Its Usefulness The model is useful in the identification of a gifted child who contributes within a specific group setting (Taifel, 1981). Designed using the successful intelligence theory, it supports the notion that a successfully gifted person defines their ability within a sociocultural context (Stenberg, 1985). A group may have a dominant culture but there is a common thread of giftedness, level of intelligence, and creativity. Therefore, this model acknowledges that there is a need to provide opportunities for the development of the gifted talents. Consequently, parental involvement in the children influences performance because teachers are more willing to work with students whose parents show interest. From research, an effective model has a social, emotional and psychological effect. This model is a solution to the failure of the standardized national assessments, which have locked the potential of many students by offering a narrow and one-sided focus. Motivated by Taifel Turner (2004) this model borrows from the social identity theory, which supports social psychology. It also adds value to Robert Stenbergs approach to intelligence via the triachic theory of practical, creative and analytical intelligence (Stenberg, 1985). From the model example, analytical skills support the evaluation, analysis, comparison and contrast abilities. Creative skills enhance the invention, discovery and creativity ability while practical ability encourages innovation. Moved by Amanda Champdanys talk on a school systems role of encouraging and shaping successful gifts the model develops a practical solution (Amanda, 2016). Advantages of measuring potential thorugh creativity This model is useful because it supports creativity on a wider scale. It capitalies on the four categories of creativity highlighted in the 4Cs namely: Big C ( Eminence in creativity developed across time, big ideas, and innovators ) Little C ( Every day creativity, high imagination, inquisitive and connects to knowledge ) Pro-C ( Professional creators e.g scientists, historians, musicians, painters, leaders..) Mini C ( transformative, meaningful and personal experinces) From this example, creativity reflects on a persons life from an early age and is traceable in daily activities. This model explores a childs experiences checking their potential as creative individuals. The surrounding environment supports this creativity highlighting different ways in which creativity comes out. The approach points out creativity as a product of interpersonal behaviour and self-expression. However, it reiterates the need for social support from parents, friends and family in order to nurture it. How to measure creativity This method supports the use of the following tools and techniques for measuring the five elements of the creativity model: Psychometric tests( critical for placement in schools and learning centers) Expert analysis ( supervisor based ratings by different experts on different activities) Self-ratings ( measures divergent modes of thinking in different tasks or assessments) Torrance Tests of Creativity Thinking ( TTCT-for support in daily activities) Guiding students on the level of creativity involves a domain specific process that motivates an individuals creativity, interest and behaviour. This is the classification of creative ability through specific categories for an age specific target group. Children have different levels of creativity. This is evident in varied thinking capabilities, talents and innovativeness. This model may not be able to identify all obstacles to giftedness because of the following: Time constraints The complicated role of motivation as a creativity factor Lack of clear definition of failure as part of innovation Failure to define coping mechanisms for criticism during creativity Inconsistency Conclusion Gifted children are unique and it is not easy to identify and nature them. Scholars point out that in order to identify such children, it is important to design an effective tool that motivates the students to identify who they are and focus on shaping their success. Teachers find it difficult to identify such creative minds at once because of the ineffectiveness of tools and techniques used in measuring abilities. Creativity as one of the special attributes of gifted children is hard to detect. A good model needs a comprehensive approach that measures a persons analytical, problem solving, communication, arranging and practical abilities. These distinguish a learner from others within a diverse group. The above model is effective in identifying creativity through specific measures across different activities. Its application of theoretical models in order to come up with a measure of creativity makes it suitable for the target age groups. However, it uses different tests to check fo r levels of creativity, which is time consuming. From this model, the social environment is critical in shaping a persons creativity. This is an integrated approach to measuring and shaping creativity. References Amanda, C., 2016. Building Diversity in Gifted Programs. [Online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1nx_zdemPk Beetham, H. Sharpe, R., 2013. Rethinking pedagogy for a digital age: Designing for 21st Century Learning. s.l.:Routledge. Bevan-Brown, J., 2009. Idnetifying and providing for gifted and talented Maori students. APEX, Volume 15. Colangelo, N. Wood, S. M., 2015. Counselling the gifted: Past, present, and future directions. Journal of Counseling Development, 93(2), pp. 133-142. Freeman, J., 2013. Gifted children grown up. s.l.:David Fulton Publishers. Hayes, J. R., 2013. The complete problem solver. s.l.:Routledge . Kaufman, J. C. Beghetto, R. A., 2013. Do People Recognise the Four Cs? Examining Layperson conceptions of Creativity. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts, 7(3), pp. 229-236. NZAGC, 2018. What is Giftedness?. [Online] Available at: https://www.giftedchildren.org.nz/what-is-this-gifted-thing-all-about/ Somech, A. Drach-Zahavy, A., 2013. Translating team creativity to innovation implimentation. the role of team composition and climate for innovation. Journal of Management, 39(3), pp. 684-708. Steele, C. M., 1997. A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and perfomance. American Psychologist, 52(6), p. 613. Stenberg, R., 1985. Beyond IQ: A triarchic theory of human intelligence. s.l.:Cambridge University Press. Taifel, H., 1981. The Social identity theory of intergroup behavior. s.l.:Cambridge University Press. Voogt, J., Erstad, O., Dede, C. Mishra, P., 2013. Challenges to learning and Schooling in the digital networked world of teh 21st century. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29(5), pp. 403-413. Weber, M., 2015. Teacher expectations, ethnicity and the achievement gap. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 50(1), pp. 55-69. Yuen, M. Fong, W. R., 2014. Perfectionism and Chinese Gifted Learners. Roepers Review, Volume 2, pp. 81-91.

Central Bank and Monetary Policy

Question: Discuss about theCentral Bank and Monetary Policy. Answer: Introduction Central banks play a significant role in ensuring the economic stability and robust financial system of the country. The following report highlights the role of central bank of Australia in regulating the financial system and economic environment within the country and the regulatory requirements imposed on the bank in performing its responsibilities. It further outlines the importance of monetary policy and its impact on the asset value and yields. Further, the importance of leverage in context of banks is discussed along with the role of ADIs and Basel Accords in addressing the risk faced by banks that are inherent in the banking system. Role of Central Bank in Australia in Implementing Monetary Policy The Reserve Bank of Australia acts as the central bank. It has accountable to make the monetary policy. This policy is effective to maintain the tough financial structure. Besides, it makes the regulation to provide the banking services to several public body, overseas banks and authorized institute. Furthermore, the major role of the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) is manage the gold and Forex reserves of Australia. Their role and function are regulated by the two different boards named the Reserve Bank Board (RBB) and the Payments System Board (PSB) (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2016). In the section 10 (2) and 11(1), RBB makes obligation about the financial policy. In this way, section 10(2) defines the responsibilities of the RBB. These duties are related to maintaining the constancy in Australian currency, full employment and economic wealth of the Australia. Moreover, section 11(1) of the act explains the requirements to discuss with the Government. In this regards, it can be opined that the RBB occasionally informs the Government about the monetary policy (Gorajek and Turner, 2010). On the other side, in section 10B (3), payments system board (PSB) defined that the payments system policy of the bank facilitates the great benefits to the Australian. Besides this board will controlling the risk in the financial system. It also promoted the rivalry in the marketplace regarding the payment services (Tricker, 2015). Regulatory Requirements Imposed on the RBA in Performing their Responsibilities The Reserve Bank of Australia is itself an apex institution that sets rules and regulations for effective governance of financial and banking system, payments system, and other fiscal matters. However, the decisions of the RBA affect the public and other business, thus, even RBA is accountable. As such certain regulatory requirements are also imposed in the RBA under the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013. This act places a positive duty on RBA to cooperate with other entities, and not operate in isolation, to achieve common objectives. Additionally, the Governor has to present a report annually to the Treasurer for presentation to the Parliament (The Parliament of the CommonWealth of Australia, 2013). Moreover, RBA is accountable to The Parliament of the CommonWealth of Australia for its actions and has to consult with the Australian Government regarding monetary and banking policy as per the norms of the Reserve Bank Act 1959. The RBA also has to maintain transparency in its communication (RBA, 2016). Economic Position of Australia, Monetary Policy and its Effects The Australian economy is experiencing an economic growth rate of 3.1% with inflation rate stuck at 1.3% and cash rate of 1.75% (RBA, 2016). The economy is experience economic growth. However, substantially low inflation level is negatively impacting the exchange rates and bond yields. Moreover, there is a fair chance that the economy will get stuck into deflationary spiral (Gerber and Shapiro, 2016). Thus, the monetary policy of the RBA is aimed towards bring the inflation level in the range of 2% to 3% on an average. At this rate, the inflation will be sufficient low that it will not adversely impact the economy. However, as the economy is experiencing low level of inflation, increasing the inflation with the help of appropriate monetary policy will give a short-term stimulus to the economy so as to increase its economic activity. In this regard, the RBA has adopted easy monetary policy and has reduced its cash rate to 1.75 % to support domestic demand in the economy. As such low levels of cash rate, savings are discouraged and spending is encouraged to increase the aggregate demand in the economy (RBA, 2016). The monetary policy implemented by the RBA directly affects the cash rate which in turn affects interest rate in the economy which further affects the asset values. It subsequently affects the wealth and spending decision of the people and firms. Besides this, it is defined that if the interest rates are high, then it can be anticipated that it will lead to decline in the values of various assets. Along with this reduction in prices of assets, it could be anticipated that there will reduce spending as wealth of the people would be less in this scenario. Further, borrowing capacity of those assets that were used as security for loans would be also reduced (Hollifield, et al., 2014). However, these results could be very different in the real world. This is certainly not true that asset prices respond instinctively to modification in interest rates. There are several factors that influence the asset values such as changes in expectations and general business cycle circumstances. Furthermore, the effect of asset prices on spending decisions is also quite variable. The reason behind it is that there are some factors that modify the asset prices (Downes, et al., 2014). Therefore, it can be said that in the initial phase of the asset price cycle, asset prices increase that facilitates to expand the security and increase growth in credit and spending. In this case, these effects are closely associated with the credit supply channel. Importance of Leverage and Impact on Central Bank Practices Leverage holds a significant place in case of banks and financial institutions because borrowing and lending is what they exist for (Gans et al., 2011). Banks are amongst the most leveraged institutions as debt forms greater portion than banks own capital in process of asset financing. A bank lends out money that was deposited by its customers. In views of the Reserve Bank of Australia governor, leverage matters because a high level of leverage increases the risk of loss of depositors money in case of any economic turbulence. It was because of unchecked leverage created by the banks that allowed the relatively small asset class of subprime mortgages to trigger a crisis like that of 2007-2009. Thus, the level of attention paid to leverage ratios has increased since then and banks are being subject to stricter norms related to capital requirements and reserve ratios. There is an increasing pressure on banks to finance its assets through its own capital rather than debt to create greate r shock absorbing capacity in case of loss. Moreover, a leverage target helps to regulate the volume by naturally limiting the amount of loans made because it is rather difficult and expensive to raise capital than it is to borrow funds (Haswell, 2016). In conclusion, the Reserve bank of Australia uses leverage and capital adequacy ratios to check the level of leverage. These ratios indicate the financial health of banks and show the amount of free equity with the bank to deal with crisis (Lannin, 2015). To ensure that assets are financed with banks own capital, including common equity tier one assets like equity and reserves, rather than borrowed capital, the banks are aiming core equity tier one ratios of 8.5% so as to increase the financial strength of the banks and reducing the risk of losses that would fall to the shareholders and the RBA plays a significant role in ensuring that adequate leverage is maintained by the banks (Carney, 2013). Role of ADIs in Dealing with Risks Authorised Deposit-taking Institutions (ADIs) are institutions sanctioned to accept deposits from customers under the Banking Act 1959. These institutions include banks, building societies and credit unions. As they accept and lend money to their customers/members, they are subject to risks arising out of such transactions. These risks include credit, liquidity, operating and interest rate risks. Credit risk is defined as the risk in which borrower fails to meet their contractual obligations related to making the interest and principal payments at the scheduled time. Therefore, they are unable to meet the terms and conditions of the loan agreement (Turner, 2011). To reduce this risk, ADIs use risk-weights on its assets and exposures for capital adequacy purpose. These risk-weights are based on credit rating grades provided by external credit assessment institutions on the probability of default on the part of other party (APRA, 2013). Operating risk is defined as the uncertainties that may occur in the actual operations of the banks due to inadequate internal procedures, people and arrangements or from external affairs (BIS, 2011). Hence, ADIs acts in accordance with the several prudential standards set by APRA. It includes standards with respect to the acceptable governance, risk management and internal control arrangements. Besides this, ADIs sets out the prudential standards that specify the minimum capital requirement based on their risk profile. Thus, they are required to maintain an adequate internal capital buffer to withstand adverse shocks posed by operational risks to protect its creditors (Turner, 2011). Liquidity risk arises when the bank does not know about the borrower request and also unaware that when and how depositors withdrawn the money. It is stated that to deal with liquidity risk in ADIs, APS210 was established in 1998. Under this framework, each bank is required to maintain the given percentage of liabilities in the form of government securities, cash and deposit with the RBA (Hull, 2012). In this way, it includes a different strategy to manage the liquidity such as setting a limit on maturity mismatches, holding liquid assets, diversifying liquidity sources and developing assets sales strategy. Interest rate risk arises due to fluctuations in interest rate in the Australian economy. In this case, ADIs deal with the problem to match the asset and liabilities structure. Besides this, it attracts the longer-term depositors and reduces the asset maturity in order to deal with the interest rate risk. Another approach used by the ADIs is to set up loans with variable interest rates in building society loans for housing (Akhter and Hasan, 2015). Role of BASEL Accords in Dealing with Risks The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision was formed in 1974 by the governors of central banks of the G10 countries in the wake of breakdown of the Bretton Woods system of regulated exchange rates in 1973. The committee was established as a forum for regular cooperation on banking regulatory affairs with the purpose to improve the quality of banking supervision around the globe. For this, the committee formulates standards, guidelines and recommendations for sound banking practices. These standards are popularly known as Basel Accords. Until now, the committee has provided three Basel norms namely, Basel I, Basel II and Basel III. These Accords help the banks in mitigating different risks associated with banking practices like credit risks, liquidity risks, etc. (BIS, 2015). Basel I: In 1988, the committee published a set of minimum capital requirements for banks, the Basel Capital Accords to address the problem of credit risk. This Accord called for minimum capital ratio of 8% to be implemented by banks by the end of 1992. Further, in 1996, the committee incorporate a capital requirement for the market risks as a result of banks' espial to foreign exchange, commodity derivatives and options within the Accord to address market risks. Basel II: In 1999, the committee proposed a new capital adequacy structure to succeed the 1988 Accords with a view to provide significantly more risk-sensitive capital requirements. The revised framework now incorporated three pillars related to minimum capital requirements, supervisory process and disclosure and market discipline. The new Accords standardized the banking rules and regulations for international banks. Along with addressing credit and market risks, these Accords also addressed operational risks and disclosure norms (Porter and Chiou, 2013). Additionally, it mandated the use of credit rating provided by external rating agencies to set the risk weights for various claims. Basel III: The poor governance and risk management on the part of banks led to mispricing of financial risk, and excess mortgage growth. To remove the flaws of Basel II that emerged during the 2008financial crisis, the committee proposed Basel III norms in 2010. The objective of the new Accords was to endorse a more strong banking system by focusing on criteria such as capital, debt,funding and liquidity. It also helps in addressing systematic risks. The new Accords defined the new capital and liquidity standards and strengthened the three pillars given by Basel II. Thus, Basel Accords are very helpful in mitigating the risks that the financial system is exposed to due to the nature of its work. Conclusion Reserve Bank of Australia plays a significant role in implementing monetary policy which is aimed at bringing the inflation rate in the country in the range of 2% to 3%. Moreover, the RBA is answerable to the Parliament for all its conduct and decisions. Also, the bank has to cooperate with other entities for achieving common objectives as per the regulations of the PGPA Act 2013. Additionally, it can be concluded that leverage is important in context of banks as it holds key to the safety if the shareholders money. Thus, banks are required to maintain adequate levels of debt and equity in their portfolio. Further, ADIs mitigate its financial risks by maintaining proper leverage ratios, using credit ratings and other tools. Along with this, BASEL Accords also provide useful guidelines for the same. References Akhter, S. and Hasan, M. Z. (2015) Contagion Risk for Australian Authorized Deposità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Taking Institutions,Economic Record,91(293), pp. 191-208. APRA (2013) Prudential Standard APS 112, Capital Adequacy: Standardized Approach to Credit Risk [Online]. Available at: https://www.apra.gov.au/adi/PrudentialFramework/Documents/Basel-III-Prudential-Standard-APS-112-(January-2013).pdf (Accessed: 29 July 2016). BIS (2011) Principles for the Sound Management of Operational Risk. [Online]. Available at: https://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs195.pdf (Accessed: 29 July 2016). BIS (2015) History of the Basel Committee, Bank For International Settlements. [Online]. Available at: https://www.bis.org/bcbs/history.htm (Accessed: 29 July 2016). Carney, J. (2013) Everything you ever wanted to know about bank leverage rules, CNBC. [Online]. Available at: https://www.cnbc.com/id/100880857 (Accessed: 28 July 2016). Downes, P., Hanslow, K. and Tulip, P. (2014)The effect of the mining boom on the Australian economy. Reserve Bank of Australia. Gans, J., King, S., Stonecash, R. and Mankiw, N. (2011) Principles of Economics. USA: Cengage Learning. Gorajek, A. and Turner, G. (2010) Australian Bank Capital and the Regulatory Framework. [Online]. Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2010/sep/6.html (Accessed: 28 July 2016). Greber, J Shapiro, J (2016) RBA joins race to the bottom, Australian Financial Review, 78 May. Haswell, C. (2016) Leverage is all the rage: The crucial future task for central banks, CITYA.M. [Online]. Available at: https://www.cityam.com/237836/leverage-is-all-the-rage-the-crucial-future-task-for-central-banks (Accessed: 28 July 2016). Hollifield, J., Martin, P. and Orrenius, P. (2014)Controlling immigration: A global perspective. Stanford University Press. Hull, J. (2012)Risk Management and Financial Institutions. USA: John Wiley Sons. Lannin, S. (2015) Australian banks need to increase capital reserves against losses: analyst, ABC News. [Online]. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-07-14/australian-banks-need-to-increase-capital-reserves/6617910 (Accessed: 28 July 2016). Porter, R.L. and Chiou, W.J.P. (2012) How has capital affected bank risk since implementation of the Basel accords. Bank and Banking Systems, 8(1), pp. 63-77. [Online]. Available at: https://businessperspectives.org/journals_free/bbs/2013/BBS_en_2013_01_Porter.pdf (Accessed: 29 July 2016). RBA (2016) Accountability. [Online]. Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/about-rba/accountability.html (Accessed: 29 July 2016). RBA (2016) Australian Economy Snapshot. [Online]. Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/snapshots/economy-snapshot/ (Accessed: 29 July 2016). RBA (2016) Statement by Glenn Stevens, Governor: Monetary Policy Decision, Media Release. [Online]. Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/media-releases/2016/mr-16-17.html (Accessed: 29 July 2016). Reserve Bank of Australia (2016) About Monetary Policy. [Online]. Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/monetary-policy/about.html (Accessed: 28 July 2016). The Parliament of CommonWealth of Australia (2013) Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Bill 2013. [Online]. Available at: www.pmra.finance.gov.au/files/2013/10/PGPA-EM.docx (Accessed: 29 July 2016). Tricker, B. (2015)Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. USA: Oxford University Press. Turner, G. (2011) Depositor Protection in Australia. [Online]. Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2011/dec/pdf/bu-1211-5.pdf (Accessed: 28 July 2016).